Will there be a spore 29/1/2023 ![]() ![]() Separation and liberation of spores from the sporangia are induced by relaxation of the annulus (the ‘throwing arm’ of the sporangium catapult) and conservation of momentum generated during this process, which leads to sporangium bouncing. High-speed cinematography allowed for analyses of fast sporangium motion and for tracking ejected spores. The complex folding kinematics and functional morphology of false indusia are being described, and we discuss scenarios of movement initiation and passive hydraulic actuation of these structures. Sporangia are being produced on the undersides of so-called false indusia, which are situated at the abaxial surface of the pinnule margins, and become exposed by a desiccation-induced movement of these pinnule flaps. We investigated the different processes involved in spore liberation in the polypod fern Adiantum peruvianum (Pteridaceae).
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